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BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the morphology of basal nuclei of adult brain based on various imaging methods, but little is reported on the three-dimensional reconstruction measurement of basal nucleus morphology in children aged 3 or 4. OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-dimensional model of the basal nucleus in children aged 3 or 4 years relative to other age groups in order to explore the morphological basis for the neurodevelopment of the basal nucleus. METHODS: Fifteen cadavers of 3 or 4 years old children were selected and the basal nucleus was cut by thin layer. The image data set with accurate segmentation of its main structure was then completed. The cross sections of the main structures were analyzed, the diameter and angle of the related structures were measured in a specific section, and the differences between the sides were compared. The original data were re-sampled to establish a three-dimensional coordinate system of the basal nucleus. The morphological size of the main structure of the basal nucleus was measured, the anatomical identification was clearly identified, and the spatial information was quantified. Model and the public reference system were established. The base nucleus structures were presented three-dimensionally and dyed in different colors. The boundary between the structures was clearly displayed, and the internal structure was observed by rotating and cutting at any angle. The study protocol was implemented in line with the relevant ethical requirements of Inner Mongolia Medical University. Specimens were donated voluntarily, and children’s guardians signed informed consents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The reconstructed three-dimensional model could show the basal nucleus, and could be used to measure the volume of the basal nucleus and the related parameters of meridians. There was no significant difference between the sides of the reconstructed model. (2) The reconstructed three-dimensional structure could be rotated at any angle and at different speeds, and the corresponding scaling and transparent processing could be carried out to make the reconstructed structure image more realistic and realistic. In children aged 3 or 4, the reconstruction of the basal nucleus based on volume rendering can provide the morphological basis for stereotactic neuronavigation surgery as well as the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.
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BACKGROUND: A large amount of literature has been published on the vertebral pedicle morphology at thoracolumbar segments in adults, but little is known about the morphology of pedicles in adolescents, especially in Asian populations. Adolescent spine disorders are increasing and there are few precise morphological studies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anatomy of lumbar vertebrae of adolescents aged 12-15 years in Inner Mongolia, provide detailed information for pedicle screw placement, determine the safe and appropriate screw size, and provide data reference for screw size design. METHODS: The normal chest and lumbar CT data of 65 adolescents aged 12-15 years in Inner Mongolia were collected and divided into two groups, 31 cases of 12-13 years old, and 34 cases of 14-15 years old. The raw data of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae images scanned continuously were imported into Mimics 21.0 for analysis and measurement in DICOM format. Pedicle width, pedicle height, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, pedicle length, pedicle outer declination, pedicle maximum external angle, pedicle head inclination, and pedicle area were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The L1-L4 pedicle width in the two groups was less than pedicle height, and pedicle width and pedicle height at L5 were similar. The pedicle width determined the screw diameter, which was larger in males than in females. (2) In 12-13 years old, the screw length at L1-L5 was between 40-45 mm. In 14-15 years old, the screw length was between 40-45 mm at L1-L4, and 45-50 mm at L5. (3) The laws of the two groups were the same. The transverse diameter of spinal canal was significantly larger than longitudinal diameter of spinal canal (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between men and women. (4) The transverse pedicle angle: In 12-13 years old, L1-L2 had small change, L2-L5 gradually increased; in 14-15 years old, L1-L5 gradually increased; it is larger in males than in females in both groups. (5) Maximum transverse pedicle angle: The two groups had the same law. L1-L5 gradually increased, and decreased with age. There was no significant difference between left and right sides and sexes. There was significant difference among different ages (P < 0.05). (6) The sagittal pedicle angle: The in 12-13 years old, 3°-8°; in 14-15 years old, 0°-5°. The value decreased with age, and there was significant difference between men and women in L3-L4 (P < 0.05). (7) Pedicle area: The two groups had the same rules. L1-L5 gradually increased, and L4-L5 had a clear trend of change. (8) Analysis of pedicle parameters showed that the size of the screws in the lumbar vertebrae of normal adolescents was suitable for the clinician to grasp the anatomy of the lumbar spine and improve the accuracy of clinical operation.
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Objective: To explore the anatomical spatial relationship between aorta, superior and inferior vena cava and vertebral body in normal 13-15-year-old adolescents, and to provide evidence for anterior or posterior approach of operation on adolescent. Methods: The normal thoracolumbar CT data of 63 13-15-year-old adolescents in Inner Mongolia were collected, including 15 cases of 13-year-old, 21 cases of 14-year-old and 27 cases of 15-year-old. The serial scanning data of thoracolumbar spine tomography were imported into Mimicsl6. 0 for analysis and measurement in DICOM format. The focus of left transverse process and spinous process was determined as the original 0 point. Measuring the distance of aorta from origin 0 (AO), the aortic-vertebral angle(ot),the distance of the superior vena cava from the origin 0(V,0), the superior vena cava-vertebra body angle(p), the distance of the inferior vena cava from the origin 0(V20), the inferior vena cava-vertebra angle(9). Results: AO,α: 13-year-old(52. 16±3. 21) mm, (1. 89±0. 47)°; 14-year-old(52. 63±2. 28) mm,(-1.91±0. 97)°;15-year-old(57. 57±3. 52)mm, (-2. 47±0. 66) °; V,0,p: 13-year-old(66. 71 ±5. 82) mm, (-5. 14± 1.42)°; 14-year-old(77. 01±2. 89)mm,(-ll. I8±2. 64) °; 15-year-old(78. 54±0. 70)mm, (-20. 61±2. 05) °; V20,9 :13- year-old(62. 69±5. 66) mm, (-23. 85± 1. 92) °; 14-year-old(65. 71 ±5. 39) mm, (- 18. 46±2. 77)°; 15-year-old(75. 98± 8. 49) mm, (-18. 58±2. 09)°.There was significant difference in the distance and angle between large vessels and vertebral bodies between different vertebrae (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Mastering the distance and angle between large vessels and vertebral bodies is helpful to reduce the incidence of vascular injury in the process of spinal nailing.
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Depression is a kind of mental illness accompanied by complex etiology and pathogenesis in clinic. With the quickening pace of circadian rhythm and increase of life pressure in modern society, the incidence of depression is increasing year by year. Nowadays, some typical antidepressant Western medicines, such as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), have been used as the main therapeutic drugs in clinic. Unfortunately, administration of these drugs will result in severe adverse reactions, slow treatments, and low cure rates, thus obviously they can not be used for a long term. Sini San, which originated from written by Zhang zhongjing, is a prescription widely applied in clinic for curing mental illness and also a basic Chinese herbal formula for modern treatment of depression. This article would review the research progress on antidepressant effects of Sini San based on single herbs of Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba, herb-pair of Bupleuri Radix-Paeoniae Radix Alba, and formula of Sini San, providing directions and ideas for future research on complicated Chinese herbal formulae.
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Humans , Antidepressive Agents , Pharmacology , Bupleurum , Chemistry , Depression , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Paeonia , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of chitosan nano-particles loaded tetrandrine (Tet) on proliferation of cultured pterygium fibroblasts.Methods The deoxycholic acid-modified chitosan (DAMC) derivative was synthesized through amidation reaction,and their properties were investigated.The viability of human pterygium fibroblasts (HPF) was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after cells were interacted with Tet/DAMC nano-particles on day 1,3 and 5.Results The synthesized chitosan derivative and Tet formed drug-loaded nano-particles,and the agent-loading capacity was approximately 76％,and the sizes of agent-loaded nano-particles were 50-500 nm,with Zeta potential values being positive.The result of in vitro drug release experiment indicated that the nano-particles constantly released Tet in a controlled manner within 48 h.The viability of HPF in Tet group was (60.70 ± 2.30) ％,(50.22 ± 2.35) ％,(21.99 ± 2.07) ％ on day 1,3,5,respectively,but the corresponding data in Tet/DAMC group was (79.77 ±2.09)％,(63.24 ±2.83)％,(40.28 ± 1.19)％,respectively.The CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the Tet/DAMC nano-particles could inhibit HPF proliferation,and presented lower toxicity than Tet alone.Conclusion Chitosan nano-particles loaded tetrandrine exhibits a sustained agent-release behavior,which has obvious inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human pterygium fibroblasts,but its cytotoxicity is significantly lower than the original drug's,thereby possessing a great promise for improving the outcome of Tet for the prevention of pterygium recurrence.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Dong's extra-point pricking bloodletting therapy for female chloasma of liver depression and qi stagnation type. Methods One hundred and twenty female patients with chloasma of liver depression and qi stagnation type were randomized to treatment and control groups, 60 cases each. The control group received Dong's extra-point pricking bloodletting therapy and the treatment group, conventional acupuncture. The symptom and sign score was recorded in the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups. Results The total efficacy rate was 95.5％ in the treatment group and 81.7％ in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The pre-/post-treatment symptom and sign score difference value was (0.98±0.23) in the treatment group and (0.81±0.18) in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Dong's extra-point pricking bloodletting therapy is an effective way to treat female chloasma of liver depression and qi stagnation type.
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, nonspecific and complex intestinal disease. The current clinical treatment guideline of this disease recommends a variety of options with oral western medicines, such as aminosalicylic acids, glucocorticosteroids, and immunosuppressors. However, due to their unstable therapeutic effects, high toxicities, and strong drug dependence, they are not suitable for long-term administration. Baizhu Shaoyao powder, a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, is clinically and commonly used for tonifying spleen and softening liver as well as eliminating dampness and relieving diarrhea. Recent researches suggest that Baizhu Shaoyao powder has significant effect in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. This article reviewed the research progress on the curative effect and action mechanism of Baizhu Shaoyao powder in treating ulcerative colitis, and provided the ideas and directions for its further research in future.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between children obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and nasal diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and thirty-eight cases of pediatric OSAHS confirmed by polysomnography (PSG) had been enrolled as the treatment group, and divided into mild subgroup, moderate subgroup and severe subgroup according to the obstructive apnea index (OAI) and apnea hypoventilation index (AHI). The other two hundred and seven pediatric vocal cord nodule cases without OSAHS had been randomly selected as the control group. The retrospective analysis of upper respiratory tract infection frequency per year, expression levels of total IgE (tIgE) and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE), results of electronic nasopharyngoscope test and nasal sinus CT scans had been performed in all the pediatric cases. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The upper respiratory tract infection frequency per year, ratio of cases with positive results of tIgE, ratio of cases with nasosinusitis, ratio of cases with narrow nasal cavity in the experiment group were respectively 8.7 ± 5.7, 60.9%, 79.9% and 50.0%, while those in the control group were respectively 4.4 ± 2.6, 32.8%, 12.1% and 6.3%, with significant difference between groups (t = 7.578,χ(2) value was 41.943, 237.704, 110.322, all P < 0.01). The multiple regression analysis indicated that, nasosinusitis and narrow nasal cavity were the two major risk factors of pediatric OSAHS (OR1 = 16.008, OR2 = 4.671, all P < 0.01), with combined effects (OR = 113.430, P < 0.01) . The rank test analysis in term of risk factors of severity of OSAHS had indicated that, prevalence of nasosinusitis and narrow nasal cavity were increased as rising severity of OSAHS (χ1(2) = 21.571, χ2(2) = 17.304, all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Infection and allergy are risk factors of pediatric OSAHS. Nasosinusitis and narrow nasal cavity are two major risk factors of pediatric OSAHS, which have positive relationship with the severity of OSAHS.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Nose Diseases , Epidemiology , Polysomnography , Prevalence , Regression Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out the correlation between the content of taxifolin in Polygonum orientale and the storage time.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC was used to determine taxifolin. The chromatographic condition was as following: Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 200 mm, 5 microm), mobile phase acetonitrile -0.1% phosphoric acid (gradient elution), the detection wavelength 290 nm and flow rate 1.0 mL x min(-1), the column temperature 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The injection volume of taxifolin was in good linearity within 0.07 and 0.35 microg, the average recovery was 99.7% with RSD 0.2%. Taxifolin content was 0.84, 1.36, 1.75, 1.99 mg x g(-1) corresponding to storage time of 10, 7, 6, 5 years, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The content of taxifolin decreased with the storage time. When the storage period is more than six years, the content is lower than that required by Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version). This method has a good repeatability and accuracy, it provides a scientific reference for clinical use and quality evaluation of P. orientale.</p>